RESUMEN Introducción: los estudiantes de medicina son propensos a recibir maltratos de sus colegas, personal administrativo y pacientes. Objetivo: determinar las características del maltrato a estudiantes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022. Metodología: se aplicó un diseño observacional, de corte transversal. Se incluyó a estudiantes de medicina, de ambos sexos, que aceptaban participar de la encuesta telemática. El muestreo fue por conveniencia. Se midieron variables demográficas. La percepción del maltrato fue evaluada según cuatro componentes (psicológico, físico, académico y sexual) utilizando el cuestionario de Munayco-Guillén F et al, previamente validado. El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité de ética de la Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Resultados: el cuestionario fue contestado por 214 estudiantes, siendo 146 mujeres (edad media 24 ± 3 años) y 68 varones (edad media 25 ± 5 años). La mayoría reside en Asunción (29,4%) y asiste a universidades privadas (92%). La media ± DE del maltrato psicológico fue 1,89 ± 1,02, la del físico fue 1,64 ± 0,89, la del académico fue 2,01 ± 1,11 y la del sexual fue 1,4 ± 0,83. Aplicando puntos de corte en los percentiles 60 y 70, el maltrato fue leve en 126 estudiantes (58,9%), moderado en 24 (11,2%) y grave en 64 (29,9%). El motivo principal para no denunciarlo fue el miedo a ser señalado por los demás o recibir represalias (17,3%). Discusión: se detectó maltrato leve en 58,9%, moderado en 11,2% y grave en 29,9% de los estudiantes de medicina. Se requiere aplicar medidas de prevención y contención de los maltratos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: medical students are prone to mistreatment from their colleagues, administrative staff, and patients. Objective: to determine the characteristics of the mistreatment of medical students in Paraguay in 2022. Method: an observational, cross-sectional design was applied. Medical students of both sexes who agreed to participate in the online survey were included. Sampling was for convenience. Demographic variables were measured. The perception of abuse was evaluated according to four components (psychological, physical, academic, and sexual) using the previously validated questionnaire by Munayco-Guillén F et al. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad Privada del Este, Paraguay. Results: the questionnaire was answered by 214 students, 146 being women (mean age 24 ± 3 years) and 68 men (mean age 25 ± 5 years). The majority reside in Asunción (29.4%) and attend private universities (92%). The mean ± SD of psychological abuse was 1.89 ± 1.02, physical abuse was 1.64 ± 0.89, academic abuse was 2.01 ± 1.11, and sexual abuse was 1.4 ± 0. 83. Applying cut-off points at the 60th and 70th percentiles, the abuse was mild in 126 students (58.9%), moderate in 24 (11.2%), and severe in 64 (29.9%). The main reason for not reporting it was fear of being singled out by others or receiving reprisals (17.3%). Discussion: mild abuse was detected in 58.9%, moderate in 11.2%, and severe in 29.9% of medical students. It is necessary to apply measures to prevent and contain abuse.

Segundo as evidências, há uma necessidade mais profunda de avaliação e quantificação da dimensão e da forma corporal e o risco de câncer de mama (CM). Utilizando a metodologia do somatotipo, realizamos uma pesquisa original com o objetivo de explorar possíveis associações entre a forma corporal e o risco de CM nas mulheres uruguaias. Com essa finalidade, 254 casos recentes de CM e 1.000 controles emparelhados por freqüência foram entrevistadas sobre história menstrual e reprodutiva, e uma série de dobras cutâneas, circunferências e diâmetros foram medidas especificamente para se fazer o cálculo do somatotipo. Foi encontrada uma associação positiva com CM para forte endomorfismo (OR = 2.82, p < 0.001), especialmente nas mulheres premenopáusicas (OR = 4.98, p < 0.001) e com normopeso (OR = 5.12, p = 0.002); entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças para mesomorfismo e ectomorfismo. As análises apresentaram um elevado padrão meso-endomórfico na população estudada. São necessários novos estudos para confirmar os resultados presentes, obtidos em um país com elevada incidência da enfermidade.

According to the evidence, there is a need for more thorough assessment and quantification of body size and shape and the risk of breast cancer. Using the somatotype methodology, we carried out an original research in order to explore possible associations between body shape and the risk of breast cancer in Uruguayan women. With this objective, 254 recent breast cancer cases and 1,000 frequency-matched healthy controls were interviewed on menstrual and reproductive story, and a series of skinfolds, circumferences and diameters were measured specifically to calculate somatotype. A positive association with breast cancer was found for high endomorphy (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.82, p < 0.001), mainly among pre-menopausal women (OR = 4.98, p <0.001) and normoweight women (OR = 5.12, p = 0.002), whereas almost no differences were observed for mesomorphic and ectomorphic women. Analysis showed a high meso-endomorphic pattern in the study population. Further studies are needed to confirm the present results obtained in a country with high incidence of the disease.

Segundo as evidências, há uma necessidade mais profunda de avaliação e quantificação da dimensão e da forma corporal e o risco de câncer de mama (CM). Utilizando a metodologia do somatotipo, realizamos uma pesquisa original com o objetivo de explorar possíveis associações entre a forma corporal e o risco de CM nas mulheres uruguaias. Com essa finalidade, 254 casos recentes de CM e 1.000 controles emparelhados por freqüência foram entrevistadas sobre história menstrual e reprodutiva, e uma série de dobras cutâneas, circunferências e diâmetros foram medidas especificamente para se fazer o cálculo do somatotipo. Foi encontrada uma associação positiva com CM para forte endomorfismo (OR = 2.82, p < 0.001), especialmente nas mulheres premenopáusicas (OR = 4.98, p < 0.001) e com normopeso (OR = 5.12, p = 0.002); entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças para mesomorfismo e ectomorfismo. As análises apresentaram um elevado padrão meso-endomórfico na população estudada. São necessários novos estudos para confirmar os resultados presentes, obtidos em um país com elevada incidência da enfermidade.

According to the evidence, there is a need for more thorough assessment and quantification of body size and shape and the risk of breast cancer. Using the somatotype methodology, we carried out an original research in order to explore possible associations between body shape and the risk of breast cancer in Uruguayan women. With this objective, 254 recent breast cancer cases and 1,000 frequency-matched healthy controls were interviewed on menstrual and reproductive story, and a series of skinfolds, circumferences and diameters were measured specifically to calculate somatotype. A positive association with breast cancer was found for high endomorphy (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.82, p < 0.001), mainly among pre-menopausal women (OR = 4.98, p <0.001) and normoweight women (OR = 5.12, p = 0.002), whereas almost no differences were observed for mesomorphic and ectomorphic women. Analysis showed a high meso-endomorphic pattern in the study population. Further studies are needed to confirm the present results obtained in a country with high incidence of the disease.